The Iliad: Books 9-10

In this lesson, students will explore The Iliad Book 9 by examining the embassy to Achilles. Using Homeric categories of geras (prizes), timē (honor), and kleos (glory), students will analyze how Odysseus, Phoenix, and Ajax each attempt persuasion through gifts, loyalty, and shame. They will narrate and debate which appeal is strongest, then evaluate Agamemnon’s insult as an act of contempt, spite, or insolence. Finally, students will reflect on whether persuasion can restore lost honor—and contrast Homeric honor culture with the Christian call to humility and reconciliation.